{"id":2724,"date":"2021-11-26T22:17:46","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T21:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/?p=2724"},"modified":"2026-05-16T13:25:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T11:25:45","slug":"akciovy-trh-zakladni-informace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/akciovy-trh-zakladni-informace\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je akciov\u00fd trh: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace"},"content":{"rendered":"

Form\u00e1ln\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, akciov\u00fd trh<\/strong> je trhem, kde se obchoduje s akciemi, dluhopisy, jin\u00fdmi akciov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji a jejich deriv\u00e1ty. Obchod po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed burzy cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a makl\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed vystupuj\u00ed jako jejich \u010dlenov\u00e9. Akciov\u00e9 trhy jsou pro investory m\u00edstem, kde mohou z\u00edskat \u010di p\u0159ed\u011blat pen\u00edze, a pro emituj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zdroj pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro podnikatelsk\u00fd r\u016fst.<\/p>\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed jsou akciov\u00e9 trhy symbolem kapitalismu a v dob\u00e1ch finan\u010dn\u00edch turbulenc\u00ed se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do st\u0159etu z\u00e1jmu m\u00e9di\u00ed. Pro mnoho lid\u00ed je my\u0161lenka p\u016fsoben\u00ed na akciov\u00fdch trz\u00edch spojena s obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm na burz\u00e1ch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a s rychl\u00fdmi zisky nebo ztr\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n

Na trhu se obchoduje s akciemi spole\u010dnost\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch z ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota jak jsou telefonn\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i, v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f, leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, IT spole\u010dnosti a tak si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou myslet, \u017ee pochopit trh je pro individu\u00e1ln\u00edho investora relativn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, proto\u017ee t\u011bch prom\u011bnn\u00fdch je mnoho a ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je schopn\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd takov\u00fd sektor pln\u011b pochopit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed akciov\u00e9ho trhu: spole\u010dnosti vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed akcie, ty se obchoduj\u00ed na burze, kde je kupuj\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed investo\u0159i.<\/p><\/div>\n

Co ovliv\u0148uje akciov\u00fd trh?<\/h2>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se m\u00e9dia po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed pohyby cen akci\u00ed. Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed informace jsou dostupn\u00e9, co u\u017e se odehr\u00e1ly. Z fundament\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska jsou pohyby cen zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00edm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm spojen\u00fdm s dynamikou ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f spole\u010dnost\u00ed, inflac\u00ed a \u00farokov\u00fdmi sazbami.<\/p>\n

Co v\u011bt\u0161inou zp\u016fsob\u00ed r\u016fst na trhu:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • r\u016fst obratu a zisku<\/li>\n
  • kladn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy v ekonomice<\/li>\n
  • r\u016fst sektoru, kde se firma nach\u00e1z\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • pokles \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb<\/li>\n
  • vysok\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Co v\u011bt\u0161inou zp\u016fsob\u00ed pokles na trhu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • pokles zisk\u016f a obratu firem<\/li>\n
    • \u0161patn\u00e9 veden\u00ed firmy<\/li>\n
    • sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo zru\u0161en\u00ed dividendy<\/li>\n
    • negativn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ve sv\u011bte a ekonomice<\/li>\n
    • pokles cel\u00e9ho sektoru<\/li>\n
    • zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Co lze obchodovat na akciov\u00e9m trhu?<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • Americk\u00e9 indexy \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>Dow Jones, Nasdaq, S & P500, Wall Street<\/li>\n
      • Euvropsk\u00e9 indexy – <\/strong>Euro STOXX 50, DAX, IBEX 35, MIB 40, FTSE 100, CAC 40, SWI<\/li>\n
      • Asijsk\u00e9 indexy – <\/strong>China CHI50, Singapore Blue Chip, Japan 225<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi burzami cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b NYSE Euronext a NASDAQ OMX ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Tokijsk\u00e1 burza cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f<\/li>\n
        • Denn\u00ed obrat celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho akciov\u00e9ho trhu se pohybuje kolem 300+ miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f,<\/li>\n
        • \u010cern\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nastalo 19. \u0159\u00edjna 1987, p\u0159edstavuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jednodenn\u00ed procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed propad v historii akciov\u00fdch trh\u016f, kter\u00fd dosud nebyl z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem vysv\u011btlen,<\/li>\n
        • Rychl\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst \u010c\u00edny se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v siln\u00e9m postaven\u00ed \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 a \u0160en\u017eensk\u00e9 burzy cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bezpe\u010dnost a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed investice na akciov\u00e9m trhu<\/h2>\n

          Dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie demokratizovaly investov\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u0159\u00edstupnily ho \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Za\u010d\u00edt lze u\u017e s \u010d\u00e1stkou 100 K\u010d p\u0159es mobiln\u00ed aplikace nebo online brokery. Tato dostupnost v\u0161ak s sebou nese i ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika, kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba porozum\u011bt. Za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk by m\u011bl investovat do v\u00edce r\u016fzn\u00fdch titul\u016f nebo vyu\u017e\u00edt ETF fondy, kter\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0161irokou diverzifikaci. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt investice do ETF sleduj\u00edc\u00edho index S&P 500, kter\u00fd obsahuje 500 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          \u010castou chybou nov\u00e1\u010dk\u016f je investov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f do jedin\u00e9 „slibn\u00e9“ akcie nebo podlehnut\u00ed FOMO (strachu z prome\u0161k\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti) p\u0159i prudk\u00e9m r\u016fstu n\u011bkter\u00fdch titul\u016f. Emoce jsou v investov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd r\u00e1dce – panick\u00fd prodej p\u0159i poklesu trhu nebo naopak bezhlav\u00e9 nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i r\u016fstu \u010dasto vedou ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

          Z hlediska dan\u00ed plat\u00ed v \u010cR, \u017ee p\u0159i dr\u017een\u00ed akci\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e 3 roky jsou zisky z jejich prodeje osvobozeny od dan\u011b. P\u0159i krat\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b dr\u017een\u00ed se zisk zda\u0148uje v r\u00e1mci ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f 15% sazbou. Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 povinnosti je nezbytn\u00e9 v\u00e9st si evidenci v\u0161ech n\u00e1kup\u016f a prodej\u016f v\u010detn\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00edch poplatk\u016f.<\/p>\n

          Sv\u011btov\u00e9 burzy a indexy, na kter\u00fdch lze obchodovat<\/h2>\n

          BCPP \u2013 Burza cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f Praha \u2013 INDEX PX<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – jedin\u00fd organiz\u00e1tor burzovn\u00edch obchod\u016f v \u010cR
          \n– navazuje na \u010dinnost pra\u017esk\u00e9 komoditn\u00ed a akciov\u00e9 burzy (1871)
          \n– vznik burzy 24.11.1992, zah\u00e1jen\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed 6.4.1993, 5.4.1994 prvn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det indexu<\/p>\n

          Index PX<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – obchody prob\u00edhaj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dlen\u016f burzy, kte\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed licenci k obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed
          \n– sou\u010d\u00e1st skupiny CEE Stock Exchange Group (CEESEG), \u010dlen Federace evropsk\u00fdch burz
          \n– pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00fadaje o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm 15 minut
          \n– index PX: 14 titul\u016f<\/p>\n

          RM-Syst\u00e9m \u2013 INDEX RM<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – od 1993 mimoburzovn\u00ed trh, od 2008 standardn\u00ed burza
          \n– zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na drobn\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed investory
          \n– vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det obchodovan\u00fdch akci\u00ed ne\u017e na BCPP
          \n– od 1993 v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 miliony z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f<\/p>\n

          NYSE \u2013 New York Stock Exchange \u2013 INDEX DJIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – zalo\u017een\u00ed roku 1792 n\u011bkolika obchodn\u00edky z Manhattanu
          \n– obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed akci\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fdch firem
          \n– obchody prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na burzovn\u00edm parketu (forma aukce)
          \n– pouze 1366 \u010dlen\u016f burzy<\/p>\n

          NASDAQ \u2013 INDEX NASDAQ 100<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – zalo\u017een\u00ed roku 1971, burzovn\u00ed licence od roku 2006 (d\u0159\u00edve mimoburzovn\u00ed trh)
          \n– zastoupeny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti
          \n– Obchodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd cenou
          \n– 2 segmenty \u2013 Nasdaq National Market a SmallCap Market
          \n– index NASDAQ 100: 100 nejv\u00edce obchodovan\u00fdch akci\u00ed, aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj indexu<\/p>\n

          TSE \u2013 Tokyo Stock Exchange \u2013 INDEX NIKKEI 225<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – zalo\u017een\u00ed roku 1878
          \n– rozd\u011blen\u00ed na 4 segmenty
          \n– k\u00f3tov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc spole\u010dnost\u00ed
          \n– reprezentativn\u00ed index TOPIX, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u0161ak index Nikkei 225<\/p>\n

          LSE \u2013 London Stock Exchange \u2013 INDEX FTSE 100<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – zalo\u017een\u00ed roku 1745
          \n– obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem produkt\u016f (akcie, dluhopisy, ETF, deriv\u00e1ty,…)
          \n– burza rozd\u011blena na 6 segment\u016f
          \n– kotace v\u00edce ne\u017e 3000 spole\u010dnost\u00ed
          \n– index FTSE 100: 100 akci\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizac\u00ed<\/p>\n

          FWB \u2013 Frankfurter Wertpapierb\u00f6rse \u2013 INDEX DAX<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – zalo\u017een\u00ed roku 1585
          \n– pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny Deutsche B\u00f6rse
          \n– obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed na platform\u011b XETRA
          \n– skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z mnoha segment\u016f \u2013 DAX, MDAX, SMAX, XTF..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Akciov\u00fd trh je ve\u0159ejnosti zn\u00e1m jako sv\u011bt spekulac\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed rizik s nad\u011bj\u00ed na zisk v n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu, a\u0165 u\u017e denn\u00edm, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm nebo ro\u010dn\u00edm a del\u0161\u00edm. Na akciov\u00e9m trhu se st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00ed investo\u0159i (tkz: retail), tak i velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, hedge fondy, velk\u00e9 banky a dal\u0161\u00ed, akciov\u00fd trh je i barometr ka\u017ed\u00e9 modern\u00ed ekonomiky. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"Co je a jak funguje akciov\u00fd trh? Investov\u00e1n\u00ed na ackciov\u00e9m trhu, vyplat\u00ed se to? Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace a na co si d\u00e1t pozor.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-akcie"],"modified_by":"Krpensk\u00fd Martin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2724"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10574,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2724\/revisions\/10574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}