{"id":3849,"date":"2022-09-17T13:36:33","date_gmt":"2022-09-17T11:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/?p=3849"},"modified":"2022-09-26T00:21:16","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T22:21:16","slug":"spekulace-na-pokles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/spekulace-na-pokles\/","title":{"rendered":"Spekulace na pokles ceny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spekulace na pokles ceny<\/strong> akci\u00ed, komodit nebo m\u011bn (short selling) je pojem, o kter\u00e9m mnoho za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch investor\u016f sly\u0161elo, ale pln\u011b mu nerozum\u00ed. Mnoho lid\u00ed se myln\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee prodej nakr\u00e1tko vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze „miliardov\u00e9 hedge fondy z Wall Street“ a vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00edci. To zdaleka nen\u00ed pravda, proto\u017ee dnes ji\u017e spekulace na pokles m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fd obchodn\u00edk ze sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho brokersk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, b\u011b\u017en\u00fd kr\u00e1tk\u00fd prodej je n\u00e1stroj<\/strong>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obchodn\u00edk\u016fm zaujmout kr\u00e1tkou pozici na akcii, o n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed cena v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti poklesne. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd postup by m\u011bl b\u00fdt takov\u00fd, \u017ee si obchodn\u00edk p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed akcie bu\u010f od jin\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edka, nebo od brokera, a okam\u017eit\u011b je prod\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Spekulace<\/a>

Spekulace na pokles<\/p><\/div>\n

Pokud cena akcie klesne, m\u016f\u017ee obchodn\u00edk pokr\u00fdt kr\u00e1tkou pozici t\u00edm, \u017ee nakoup\u00ed akcii za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenu a vr\u00e1t\u00ed ji tomu, od koho si ji p\u016fj\u010dil, za p\u016fvodn\u00ed cenu. Ziskem by pak byl rozd\u00edl mezi kr\u00e1tkou cenou a cenou kryt\u00ed. Dnes se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed CFD kontrakty<\/a>, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed i na finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1ku.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak funguje spekulace na pokles<\/h2>\n

Prodej na „short“ je vlastn\u011b p\u016fj\u010den\u00ed si akci\u00ed a jejich sou\u010dasn\u00fd prodej na trhu s \u00famyslem odkoupit je pozd\u011bji zp\u011bt, v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b podobn\u011b funguje i CFD obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Akcie jsou automaticky vyp\u016fj\u010deny od jin\u00e9ho klienta v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu brokera. \u010casto se jedn\u00e1 o mal\u00fd poplatek, kter\u00fd se plat\u00ed jak brokerovi, tak druh\u00e9mu investorovi, kter\u00fd souhlasil s „p\u016fj\u010den\u00edm“ akci\u00ed n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu. Za \u00fa\u010delem shortov\u00e1n\u00ed akcie zad\u00e1 investor p\u0159\u00edkaz k prodeji na kr\u00e1tko na sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed platform\u011b.<\/p>\n

Proces zp\u011btn\u00e9ho odkupu akci\u00ed se ozna\u010duje jako „short covering“. Pokud cena akcie klesne, investor dos\u00e1hne zisku, ale pokud cena akcie vzroste, investor prod\u011bl\u00e1. K vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pom\u016f\u017ee jednoduch\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad obchodu na pokles<\/h3>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee obchodn\u00edk shortuje 100 akci\u00ed Amazon.com, kter\u00e9 se obchoduj\u00ed na burze Nasdaq za cenu 125 USD za akcii. Pokud za m\u011bs\u00edc akcie klesne na 100 USD za akcii, obchodn\u00edk dos\u00e1hne zisku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 USD za akcii.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • P\u0159\u00edjem z kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho prodeje: 125*100 = 12 500 USD<\/li>\n
  • Zisk: 12500 USD – 10000 USD = 2500 USD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    A jak\u00e1 bude p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta?<\/strong> P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee cena Amazon.com vzrostla a za m\u011bs\u00edc se akcie nyn\u00ed obchoduje za 150 USD za akcii. Rebecca nyn\u00ed ztr\u00e1c\u00ed 25 USD na akcii a podle p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik se rozhodla sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • P\u0159\u00edjem z kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho prodeje: 125*100 = 12 500 USD.<\/li>\n
    • Ztr\u00e1ta: $12500-$10000 = 25000 USD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Jak\u00e1 jsou hlavn\u00ed rizika?<\/h2>\n

      Spekulace na pokles je rizikov\u00e1<\/strong>, ztr\u00e1ty jsou teoreticky neomezen\u00e9 (m\u016f\u017eete smazat cel\u00fd v\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u010det). Pokud by cena akci\u00ed prudce vzrostla, obchodn\u00edk by \u010delil obrovsk\u00fdm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm. Nakonec byl by nucen pokr\u00fdt sv\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Proto mnoho broker\u016f vy\u017eaduje, aby investo\u0159i byli v\u00edce informovan\u00ed a investi\u010dn\u011b zdatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Krom\u011b toho mohou broke\u0159i tak\u00e9 stanovit sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1sady \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik. Broker si tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee vyhradit pr\u00e1vo pokr\u00fdt kr\u00e1tkou pozici klienta, pokud usoud\u00ed, \u017ee ztr\u00e1ty za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed na pokles pova\u017eov\u00e1no za rizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed na r\u016fst. Pokud akcie neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b prudce stoupne v cen\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete ztratit v\u00edce, ne\u017e jste p\u016fvodn\u011b investovali, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 broker po v\u00e1s bude po\u017eadovat vlo\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, aby pokryl z\u00e1porn\u00fd z\u016fstatek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Spekulace na pokles na klesaj\u00edc\u00edch trz\u00edch je v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 metoda, jak profitovat kdy\u017e se trh\u016fm neda\u0159\u00ed. Ale ne v\u0161em se to lib\u00ed, kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by tato technika m\u011bla b\u00fdt zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1na, proto\u017ee um\u011ble sni\u017euje hodnotu akci\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Burzy \u010das od \u010dasu kr\u00e1tk\u00fd prodej na ur\u010ditou dobu zak\u00e1\u017eou – i kdy\u017e definitivn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3850,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"Spekulace na pokles ceny: lze vyd\u011blat na poklesu akci\u00ed?","_seopress_titles_desc":"Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 spekulace na pokles ceny aktiv? Lze vyd\u011blat pen\u00edze na klesaj\u00edc\u00edch trz\u00edch? P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jak funguje kr\u00e1tk\u00fd (Short) prodej.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-akcie"],"modified_by":"Krpensk\u00fd Martin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3849"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3849\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3850"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}