{"id":5970,"date":"2023-08-14T15:33:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T13:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/?p=5970"},"modified":"2023-08-16T13:18:55","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T11:18:55","slug":"price-to-book-p-b-akciovy-ukazatel-vzor-definice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/price-to-book-p-b-akciovy-ukazatel-vzor-definice\/","title":{"rendered":"Price to Book P\/B:  Akciov\u00fd ukazatel, vzor, definice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ukzatel Price to Book Value &#8211; Pom\u011br ceny k \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnot\u011b: (ozna\u010dovan\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako PB, P\/B nebo PBV) p\u0159edstavuje jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pom\u011brov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f u akci\u00ed. Tyto ukazatele n\u00e1m poskytuj\u00ed ucelen\u00fd pohled na hodnotu akcie dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bt srovn\u00e1n\u00ed akci\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed (p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ve stejn\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed). Oba tyto ukazatele jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch publikac\u00edch je P\/B n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako Price Equity Ratio. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je nespl\u00e9st si ho s P\/E (Price to Earnings Ratio), kter\u00fd je zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdm ukazatelem.<\/p>\n<h2>P\/B vzorec v\u00fdpo\u010dtu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8222;P&#8220; je tr\u017en\u00ed cena akcie, kterou vid\u00edme na obchodn\u00ed platform\u011b. &#8222;B&#8220; zna\u010d\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnotu (book value), kter\u00e1 se rovn\u00e1 rozd\u00edlu mezi celkov\u00fdmi aktivy a celkov\u00fdmi pasivy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdpo\u010det P\/B<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value.png\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5974 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"663\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value.png 663w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value-150x21.png 150w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value-291x40.png 291w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value-233x32.png 233w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/vzorec-book-value-583x80.png 583w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ru\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det ukazatele P\/B nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd, nebo\u0165 tento ukazatel je dostupn\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka Finviz.com. Na Finviz.com je mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno hledat spole\u010dnosti s ur\u010ditou hodnotou P\/B, nap\u0159\u00edklad ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedna nebo dv\u011b, a to zcela bezplatn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak ch\u00e1pat Price to Book P\/B<\/h2>\n<p>Pom\u011br Price to Book Ratio (P\/B) vyjad\u0159uje, <strong>kolikr\u00e1t je cena akcie vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnota<\/strong>. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, P\/B ukazuje, jak moc jsou investo\u0159i ochotni zaplatit za hodnotu \u010dist\u00fdch aktiv spole\u010dnosti, respektive za pod\u00edl v jej\u00edm vlastn\u00edm kapit\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010detn\u00ed hodnota spole\u010dnosti je rozd\u00edl mezi hodnotou aktiv a pasiv. Aktiva p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed majetek spole\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco pasiva jsou zdroje financov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto majetku. \u00da\u010detn\u00ed hodnota \u010dasto nesouzn\u00ed s tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotou spole\u010dnosti na burze. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee spole\u010dnost prod\u00e1 v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 aktiva a splat\u00ed v\u0161echny z\u00e1vazky &#8211; co zbyde, je \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnota spole\u010dnosti. Pokud byste takovou spole\u010dnost koupili pod jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnotou, mohli byste profitovat prodejem t\u011bchto aktiv.<\/p>\n<p>Hodnotov\u00ed investo\u0159i hledaj\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kde je P\/B ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1, co\u017e nazna\u010duje podhodnocen\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt objektivn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro takov\u00fd stav.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">N\u00edzk\u00e9 P\/B<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00edzk\u00e9 P\/B znamen\u00e1, \u017ee akcie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podhodnocen\u00e1. Kupovat akcie spole\u010dnost\u00ed za m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e jejich \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnotu d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl. Je nutn\u00e9 v\u0161ak neopomenout d\u016fvody, pro\u010d maj\u00ed akcie n\u00edzk\u00e9 P\/B. M\u016f\u017ee to tak\u00e9 znamenat, \u017ee se spole\u010dnost\u00ed je n\u011bco \u0161patn\u011b. Abychom se dozv\u011bd\u011bli, pro\u010d je P\/B n\u00edzk\u00e9, je pot\u0159eba spole\u010dnost poznat, pod\u00edvat se na jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brky, finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkazy a historii.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Vysok\u00e9 P\/B<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vysok\u00fd pom\u011br P\/B jednodu\u0161e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee akcie spole\u010dnosti jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jejich \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnota.<\/p>\n<h2>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty P\/B<\/h2>\n<p>Jak\u00e1 hodnota pom\u011bru Price to Book Ratio (P\/B) je pro n\u00e1s vhodn\u00e1? V r\u016fzn\u00fdch publikac\u00edch se \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed hodnota 2. Benjamin Graham preferoval dokonce hodnotu 1,2. Ka\u017ed\u00fd investor si vol\u00ed hodnotu dle sv\u00fdch preferenc\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je m\u00edt pochopen\u00ed toho, co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za n\u00edzk\u00fdm P\/B a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b um\u011bt zd\u016fvodnit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed P\/B. Kvalitn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010dasto maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu P\/B. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1 spole\u010dnost zaj\u00edmav\u00fd potenci\u00e1l r\u016fstu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt investice do takov\u00fdch akci\u00ed smyslupln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5971\" style=\"width: 1400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb.png\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5971\" class=\"wp-image-5971 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1400\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb.png 1400w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-150x61.png 150w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-768x310.png 768w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-99x40.png 99w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-79x32.png 79w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-198x80.png 198w, https:\/\/www.forexsrovnavac.cz\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/apple-book-value-pb-335x135.png 335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hodnota Price to Book P\/B u akci\u00ed Apple<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Samotn\u00fd ukazatel P\/B m\u016f\u017ee zkreslit dojem \u201edrahosti\u201c akcie u spole\u010dnosti s vysok\u00fdm zadlu\u017een\u00edm. Na dluh je t\u0159eba si d\u00e1t pozor (proto by tak\u00e9 anal\u00fdza nem\u011bla b\u00fdt zalo\u017eena pouze na jednom ukazateli). Pokud chceme porovn\u00e1vat akcie spole\u010dnosti mezi sebou, je t\u0159eba dluh zohlednit. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b P\/B by se m\u011blo jednat o spole\u010dnosti s podobn\u011b velk\u00fd dluhem, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee, pokud je nap\u0159. spole\u010dnost 2x v\u00edce zadlu\u017een\u00e1, ne\u017e jin\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, vyjde n\u00e1m dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 P\/B.<\/p>\n<h2>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je cena akcie, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost ztr\u00e1ty investovan\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu. Kdy\u017e nakoup\u00edme akcie vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti pod jejich \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnotou, v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017eujeme riziko spojen\u00e9 s investic\u00ed. To je spojeno s konceptem tzv. &#8222;bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159e&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto se pracuje s kombinac\u00ed ukazatel\u016f <strong>P\/B a P\/E, kde sou\u010din t\u011bchto dvou by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 22,5<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud je jeden ukazatel ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje to vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu druh\u00e9ho ukazatele. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee P\/B je pouze jedn\u00edm z parametr\u016f, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl zaj\u00edmat hodnotov\u00e9ho investora. Hodnota P\/B vy\u017eaduje porozum\u011bn\u00ed dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a d\u016fkladn\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed. P\/B je intuitivn\u00ed ukazatel, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje, kolikr\u00e1t plat\u00edme vlastn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu za jednu akcii. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnota, m\u016f\u017ee nastat probl\u00e9m p\u0159i porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed P\/B mezi akciemi z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kv\u016fli rozd\u00edln\u00fdm \u00fa\u010detn\u00edm pravidl\u016fm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ukzatel Price to Book Value &#8211; Pom\u011br ceny k \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnot\u011b: (ozna\u010dovan\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako PB, P\/B nebo PBV) p\u0159edstavuje jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pom\u011brov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f u akci\u00ed. Tyto ukazatele n\u00e1m poskytuj\u00ed ucelen\u00fd pohled na hodnotu akcie dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bt srovn\u00e1n\u00ed akci\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed (p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch ve stejn\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed). Oba tyto ukazatele jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"Ukazatel Price to Book - Pom\u011br ceny k \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnot\u011b (P\/B): Ukazuje tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotu firmy ve vztahu k jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed hodnot\u011b. 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